Tower Records

Dead

1960–2006

No building was tall enough to see Napster coming.

Industry Retail
Headquarters Sacramento, CA
Founded 1960
Died 2006
Peak employees 9,000
Peak revenue $1.0B (1999)
Cause of death Disruption

Tower Records started in the back of a Sacramento drugstore owned by Russ Solomon's father. The name came from the Tower Theatre on Broadway in Sacramento. Russ turned a record rack into an empire of music retail that defined the culture of buying music for three decades.

The Sunset Boulevard flagship in Los Angeles was sacred ground. Musicians shopped there. Elton John once spent $25,000 in a single visit. The stores were staffed by obsessive music nerds who could guide you from the Beatles to Beefheart. Tower wasn't just a store; it was a community institution.

Then Napster arrived in 1999, and the economics of selling physical music collapsed. CD sales dropped 50% in five years. Tower filed for bankruptcy in 2004, restructured, then filed again in 2006. The liquidation sale was the busiest the stores had been in years. The Sunset Boulevard location is now a Gibson Guitar showroom. The documentary 'All Things Must Pass' captured the rise and fall.

Timeline

1960

Russ Solomon opens Tower Records in Sacramento, CA

1970

Opens flagship store on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles

1979

International expansion begins with Tokyo store

1999

Peak revenue of ~$1 billion; Napster launches the same year

2004

Files Chapter 11 bankruptcy

2006

Files Chapter 7; all 89 US stores liquidated

disruptionretailmusic2000s